+7 (495) 724-75-54

Спички
©О спичкахсредства для розжигаЦеныДизайнеруСтатьиГалереяКонтакты

 

 

 

Новое и интересное на сайте:

Спички. Статья БСЭ.

Спички - деревянные палочки (соломки), обычно осиновые, с головками из горючего вещества и окислителя (иногда спички изготовляют из картона). Длина деревянной соломки обычно от 36 до 48 мм. В спичечных коробках содержится от 50 до 600 спичек. Впервые производство спичек, воспламеняющихся от трения о любую шероховатую поверхность, возникло в ряде стран в 30-х гг. 19 в. В состав головки спички входил белый фосфор — огнеопасное и ядовитое вещество. В России первая спичечная фабрика (http://www.promospichki.ru) была построена в 1837 в Петербурге. Безопасные спички начали вырабатывать сперва в Швеции (1855), откуда они получили название шведских спичек, а с начала 20 в. они стали основным видом выпускаемых спичек.

Производство спичек в России

Выпуск фосфорных спичек (http://www.promospichki.ru) начался в России примерно в 1833—37 гг., но ни упаковки, ни этикетки первых фабрик не сохранились, да и точных документальных данных по их месторасположению пока не обнаружено. Первый всплеск развития производства спичек приходится на 1840-е гг. К 1848 г. в России работало уже более 30 спичечных мануфактур. В ноябре 1848 года вышел закон, разрешающий производство спичек только в Москве и Санкт-Петербурге и ограничивающий розничную продажу спичек. В результате, в 1849 г. в России осталась только одна спичечная фабрика. В 1859 г. было разрешено «повсеместно, как в Империи, так и в Царстве Польском производить выделку фосфорных спичек»[источник?]

Основные виды современных спичек

Каковы же на сегодняшний день основные виды спичек? Какие классификации приняты? Читаем! ...

Спичечный коробок

Спичечный коробок — небольшая, как правило, плотная картонная коробочка для хранения спичек. На боковую поверхность спичечного коробка обычно наносится тёрка для зажигания об неё спички (http://www.promospichki.ru) с помощью трения («чиркаш, чиркач» — жарг.) . Активным веществом является красный фосфор.

Этимология и история слова "спичка"

Откуда есть пошло слово спички . Небольшой материал на эту тему приведен здесь...
+7 (495) 724-75-54
© PromoSpichki.ru
UIN: 421-698-550
  ...
Представляем лучшие электронные сигареты на сайте со скидкой в Москве
Посмотрите, может быть что-то из этого будет полезно и вам. (Информация размещена на правах рекламы)
АльфаВеб - раскрутка, создание сайтов в Москве и других регионах России

60 queries executed
1
SET sql_mode = 'MYSQL40'
2
SELECT folder, element, published, params
 FROM jos_mambots
 WHERE published >= 1
 AND access <= 0
 AND folder = 'system'
 ORDER BY ordering
3
SELECT folder, element, published, params
 FROM jos_mambots
 WHERE published >= 1
 AND access <= 0
 AND folder = 'sefpatch'
 ORDER BY ordering
4
SELECT file, title FROM jos_sefexts WHERE title != ''
5
SELECT name, link, id FROM jos_menu WHERE published > 0 AND link LIKE 'index.php?option=com_%'
6
UPDATE jos_redirection SET cpt=(cpt+1) WHERE `newurl` = 'index.php?option=com_content&id=41&task=view'
7
SELECT template
 FROM jos_templates_menu
 WHERE client_id = 0
 AND ( menuid = 0  OR menuid = 5 )
 ORDER BY menuid DESC
LIMIT 1
8
DELETE FROM jos_session
 WHERE (
 ( time < '1369078169' )
 AND guest = 0
 AND gid > 0
 ) OR (
 ( time < '1369078169' )
 AND guest = 1
 AND userid = 0
 )
9
SELECT id FROM jos_mambots WHERE element = 'joomsef_metabot' AND folder = 'system'
10
SELECT *
 FROM jos_mambots
 WHERE id = '22'
11
SELECT template
 FROM jos_templates_menu
 WHERE client_id = 0
 AND ( menuid = 0  OR menuid = 5 )
 ORDER BY menuid DESC
LIMIT 1
12
SELECT COUNT(*)
 FROM jos_stats_agents
 WHERE agent = 'Unknown'
 AND type = 0
13
UPDATE jos_stats_agents
 SET hits = ( hits + 1 )
 WHERE agent = 'Unknown'
 AND type = 0
14
SELECT COUNT(*)
 FROM jos_stats_agents
 WHERE agent = 'Unknown'
 AND type = 1
15
UPDATE jos_stats_agents
 SET hits = ( hits + 1 )
 WHERE agent = 'Unknown'
 AND type = 1
16
SELECT COUNT(*)
 FROM jos_stats_agents
 WHERE agent = 'com'
 AND type = 2
17
UPDATE jos_stats_agents
 SET hits = ( hits + 1 )
 WHERE agent = 'com'
 AND type = 2
18
SELECT *
 FROM jos_menu
 WHERE id = 5
19
SELECT a.*, u.name AS author, u.usertype, cc.name AS category, s.name AS section, g.name AS groups,
 s.published AS sec_pub, cc.published AS cat_pub, s.access AS sec_access, cc.access AS cat_access,
 s.id AS sec_id, cc.id as cat_id
 FROM jos_content AS a
 LEFT JOIN jos_categories AS cc ON cc.id = a.catid
 LEFT JOIN jos_sections AS s ON s.id = cc.section AND s.scope = 'content'
 LEFT JOIN jos_users AS u ON u.id = a.created_by
 LEFT JOIN jos_groups AS g ON a.access = g.id
 WHERE a.id = 41 AND ( a.state = 1 OR a.state = -1 )
 AND ( a.publish_up = '0000-00-00 00:00:00' OR a.publish_up <= '2013-05-20 23:44' )
 AND ( a.publish_down = '0000-00-00 00:00:00' OR a.publish_down >= '2013-05-20 23:44' )
 AND a.access <= 0
20
SELECT a.id
 FROM jos_content AS a
 WHERE a.catid = 2
 AND a.state = 1
 AND a.access <= 0 AND ( a.state = 1 OR a.state = -1 )
 AND ( a.publish_up = '0000-00-00 00:00:00' OR a.publish_up <= '2013-05-20 23:44' )
 AND ( a.publish_down = '0000-00-00 00:00:00' OR a.publish_down >= '2013-05-20 23:44' )
 ORDER BY a.ordering
21
SELECT ROUND( v.rating_sum / v.rating_count ) AS rating, v.rating_count
 FROM jos_content AS a
 LEFT JOIN jos_content_rating AS v ON a.id = v.content_id
 WHERE a.id = 41
22
UPDATE jos_content
 SET hits = ( hits + 1 )
 WHERE id = '41'
23
SELECT hits
 FROM jos_core_log_items
 WHERE time_stamp = '2013-05-20'
 AND item_table = '#__content'
 AND item_id = '41'
24
UPDATE jos_core_log_items
 SET hits = ( hits + 1 )
 WHERE time_stamp = '2013-05-20'
 AND item_table = '#__content'
 AND item_id = '41'
25
SELECT a.*
 FROM jos_components AS a
 WHERE ( a.admin_menu_link = 'option=com_syndicate' OR a.admin_menu_link = 'option=com_syndicate&hidemainmenu=1' )
 AND a.option = 'com_syndicate'
26
SELECT id, title, module, position, content, showtitle, params
 FROM jos_modules AS m
 INNER JOIN jos_modules_menu AS mm ON mm.moduleid = m.id
 WHERE m.published = 1
 AND m.access <= 0
 AND m.client_id != 1
 AND ( mm.menuid = 0 OR mm.menuid = 5 )
 ORDER BY ordering
27
SELECT m.*
 FROM jos_menu AS m
 WHERE menutype = 'mainmenu'
 AND published = 1
 AND access <= 0
 AND parent = 0
 ORDER BY ordering
28
SELECT *
 FROM jos_sefexts
 WHERE file = 'com_frontpage.xml'
29
SELECT oldurl FROM jos_redirection WHERE newurl = 'index.php?option=com_frontpage'
30
SELECT oldurl FROM jos_redirection WHERE newurl = 'index.php?option=com_frontpage'
31
SELECT newurl, Itemid FROM jos_redirection WHERE oldurl = ''
32
SELECT params
 FROM jos_menu
 WHERE id = 1
33
SELECT COUNT( id )
 FROM jos_menu 
 WHERE type = 'content_item_link'
 AND published = 1
34
SELECT id
 FROM jos_menu
 WHERE type = 'content_item_link'
 AND published = 1
 AND link = 'index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2'
35
SELECT *
 FROM jos_sefexts
 WHERE file = 'com_content.xml'
36
SELECT params
 FROM jos_menu
 WHERE id = 13
37
SELECT id
 FROM jos_menu
 WHERE type = 'content_item_link'
 AND published = 1
 AND link = 'index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=53'
38
SELECT params
 FROM jos_menu
 WHERE id = 16
39
SELECT params
 FROM jos_menu
 WHERE id = 3
40
SELECT params
 FROM jos_menu
 WHERE id = 4
41
SELECT params
 FROM jos_menu
 WHERE id = 5
42
SELECT *
 FROM jos_sefexts
 WHERE file = 'com_datsogallery.xml'
43
SELECT params
 FROM jos_menu
 WHERE id = 6
44
SELECT *
 FROM jos_sefexts
 WHERE file = 'com_contact.xml'
45
SELECT params
 FROM jos_menu
 WHERE id = 7
46
SELECT a.id , a.title, a.introtext, a.sectionid , a.catid 
 FROM jos_content AS a
 JOIN jos_sections AS d ON d.id = a.sectionid
 JOIN jos_categories AS e ON e.id = a.catid
  WHERE (a.state = '1')
  AND (a.publish_up = '0000-00-00 00:00:00' OR a.publish_up <= NOW())
  AND (a.publish_down = '0000-00-00 00:00:00' OR a.publish_down >= NOW())
 AND (d.published = '1')
 AND (e.published = '1')
   AND (a.catid IN (2) )
 AND a.access <= '0'
  ORDER BY RAND()
 
 LIMIT 0, 5
47
SELECT folder, element, published, params
 FROM jos_mambots
 WHERE access <= 0
 AND folder = 'content'
 ORDER BY ordering
48
SELECT COUNT( id )
 FROM jos_menu 
 WHERE type = 'content_typed'
 AND published = 1
49
SELECT id
 FROM jos_menu
 WHERE type = 'content_item_link'
 AND published = 1
 AND link = 'index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=5'
50
SELECT ms.id AS sid, ms.type AS stype, mc.id AS cid, mc.type AS ctype, i.id as sectionid, i.id As catid, ms.published AS spub, mc.published AS cpub
 FROM jos_content AS i
 LEFT JOIN jos_sections AS s ON i.sectionid = s.id
 LEFT JOIN jos_menu AS ms ON ms.componentid = s.id 
 LEFT JOIN jos_categories AS c ON i.catid = c.id
 LEFT JOIN jos_menu AS mc ON mc.componentid = c.id 
 WHERE ( ms.type IN ( 'content_section', 'content_blog_section' ) OR mc.type IN ( 'content_blog_category', 'content_category' ) )
 AND i.id = 5
 ORDER BY ms.type DESC, mc.type DESC, ms.id, mc.id
51
SELECT id
 FROM jos_menu
 WHERE type = 'content_item_link'
 AND published = 1
 AND link = 'index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=14'
52
SELECT ms.id AS sid, ms.type AS stype, mc.id AS cid, mc.type AS ctype, i.id as sectionid, i.id As catid, ms.published AS spub, mc.published AS cpub
 FROM jos_content AS i
 LEFT JOIN jos_sections AS s ON i.sectionid = s.id
 LEFT JOIN jos_menu AS ms ON ms.componentid = s.id 
 LEFT JOIN jos_categories AS c ON i.catid = c.id
 LEFT JOIN jos_menu AS mc ON mc.componentid = c.id 
 WHERE ( ms.type IN ( 'content_section', 'content_blog_section' ) OR mc.type IN ( 'content_blog_category', 'content_category' ) )
 AND i.id = 14
 ORDER BY ms.type DESC, mc.type DESC, ms.id, mc.id
53
SELECT id
 FROM jos_menu
 WHERE type = 'content_item_link'
 AND published = 1
 AND link = 'index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=12'
54
SELECT ms.id AS sid, ms.type AS stype, mc.id AS cid, mc.type AS ctype, i.id as sectionid, i.id As catid, ms.published AS spub, mc.published AS cpub
 FROM jos_content AS i
 LEFT JOIN jos_sections AS s ON i.sectionid = s.id
 LEFT JOIN jos_menu AS ms ON ms.componentid = s.id 
 LEFT JOIN jos_categories AS c ON i.catid = c.id
 LEFT JOIN jos_menu AS mc ON mc.componentid = c.id 
 WHERE ( ms.type IN ( 'content_section', 'content_blog_section' ) OR mc.type IN ( 'content_blog_category', 'content_category' ) )
 AND i.id = 12
 ORDER BY ms.type DESC, mc.type DESC, ms.id, mc.id
55
SELECT id
 FROM jos_menu
 WHERE type = 'content_item_link'
 AND published = 1
 AND link = 'index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=21'
56
SELECT ms.id AS sid, ms.type AS stype, mc.id AS cid, mc.type AS ctype, i.id as sectionid, i.id As catid, ms.published AS spub, mc.published AS cpub
 FROM jos_content AS i
 LEFT JOIN jos_sections AS s ON i.sectionid = s.id
 LEFT JOIN jos_menu AS ms ON ms.componentid = s.id 
 LEFT JOIN jos_categories AS c ON i.catid = c.id
 LEFT JOIN jos_menu AS mc ON mc.componentid = c.id 
 WHERE ( ms.type IN ( 'content_section', 'content_blog_section' ) OR mc.type IN ( 'content_blog_category', 'content_category' ) )
 AND i.id = 21
 ORDER BY ms.type DESC, mc.type DESC, ms.id, mc.id
57
SELECT id
 FROM jos_menu
 WHERE type = 'content_item_link'
 AND published = 1
 AND link = 'index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=11'
58
SELECT ms.id AS sid, ms.type AS stype, mc.id AS cid, mc.type AS ctype, i.id as sectionid, i.id As catid, ms.published AS spub, mc.published AS cpub
 FROM jos_content AS i
 LEFT JOIN jos_sections AS s ON i.sectionid = s.id
 LEFT JOIN jos_menu AS ms ON ms.componentid = s.id 
 LEFT JOIN jos_categories AS c ON i.catid = c.id
 LEFT JOIN jos_menu AS mc ON mc.componentid = c.id 
 WHERE ( ms.type IN ( 'content_section', 'content_blog_section' ) OR mc.type IN ( 'content_blog_category', 'content_category' ) )
 AND i.id = 11
 ORDER BY ms.type DESC, mc.type DESC, ms.id, mc.id
59
SELECT m.*
 FROM jos_menu AS m
 WHERE menutype = 'topmenu'
 AND published = 1
 AND access <= 0
 AND parent = 0
 ORDER BY ordering
60
SELECT params
 FROM jos_mambots
 WHERE element = 'mosemailcloak'
 AND folder = 'content'